The Modern Problems of Fertility

Petrova, N. G.

Professor, MD, I.P.Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Russia

Dr. Petrova, N. G., Professor, MD, I.P.Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Russia.

Keywords: Economic Development; Fertility

Abstract

The economic development of any country, the level of well-being, its security and defense capability are largely determined by the state of “human capital” - the number and level of health of the population. The population size depends on internal (the ratio of fertility and mortality) and external (the level of emigration and immigration) components. Thus, in order to prevent depopulation, any state should take care of people’s regenerations, to maintain a sufficient birth rate. Expanded reproduction is provided when the total fertility rate exceeds 2.1 children per woman. However, in 2020, the average European figure was only 1.49, which does not even ensure simple reproduction. Therefore, the problem of birth rate growth is relevant for all developed countries.

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